As such, AD is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally, with substantial economic costs and burden to health service provision.ĪD follows a prolonged, progressive disease course that begins with pathophysiological changes in the brains of affected individuals years before any clinical manifestations are observed.
Literature on the humanistic and economic burden of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD suggested that while this condition is burdensome, therapies that could delay the progression of MCI to AD may improve patient QoL and lead to cost savings.Īlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of cognitive impairment and dementia in older individuals (aged ≥ 65 years) throughout the world.
#Proxie hawkinson driver#
Our review of the literature on the economic burden of AD identified informal care costs as a key driver of the economic burden of AD. Our review of the literature demonstrated the considerable humanistic burden of AD dementia, highlighted common instruments used to assess quality of life (QoL) in this population, identified key factors that affect QoL in patients with AD dementia, and explored the differences between patient- and caregiver-rated assessments of QoL. Evaluation of the impact of a hypothetical disease-modifying treatment delaying the progression from MCI to AD has suggested that such a treatment may result in cost savings.Īs Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of age-related dementia worldwide, and several novel therapies for this disease are in advanced stages of development, a synthesis of the published evidence on its humanistic and economic burden will be useful in understanding the potential benefits of these treatments.
#Proxie hawkinson drivers#
Key drivers of the societal economic burden of AD include disease severity, dependence level, institutionalization, and comorbidity burden. Compared to persons with normal cognition, MCI is associated with a greater cost burden, and individuals with MCI exhibit worse QoL. The maintenance of self-reported QoL in patients with more severe AD dementia may be due to lack of awareness or to adaptation to circumstances. While patient- and proxy-rated QoL are highly correlated in patients with early AD dementia, proxy-rated QoL declines more substantially as severity worsens. Our literature review identified a range of factors associated with quality of life (QoL): some factors were positively associated with QoL, including caregiver relationship, religiosity, social engagement, and ability to engage in activities of daily living (ADL), whereas other factors such as neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with poorer QoL. To gain a deeper understanding of the recent literature on the burden of AD, including that of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD, we conducted a comprehensive targeted review of the PubMed-indexed literature (2014 to 2021) to examine the humanistic and economic burden of AD (including MCI) in North America, Europe, and Asia. As a result of these progressive deficits in cognitive, emotional, and physical function, AD dementia can cause functional disability and loss of independence. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of cognitive impairment and dementia in older individuals (aged ≥ 65 years) throughout the world.
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